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World War II operations and battles of the Italian Campaign: Battle of Monte Cassino, Allied invasion of Sicily, Operation Shingle, Operation Husky or
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| Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 88. Chapters: Battle of Monte Cassino, Allied invasion of Sicily, Operation Shingle, Operation Husky order of battle, Allied invasion of Italy, Moro River Campaign, Gothic Line, Bernhardt Line, Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, Four days of Naples, Eric Lloyd Williams, Battle of San Marino, Air Raid on Bari, Allied Invasion of Italy Order of Battle, Battle of San Pietro Infine, Battle of Rimini, Battle of Cisterna, Battle of Ortona, Battle of Bologna, Operation Slapstick, Bombing of the Vatican, Trasimene Line, Volturno Line, Battle of Ancona, Operation Diadem, Barbara Line, Battle of Monte Castello, Operation Bowler, Monte la Difensa, Salerno Mutiny, Operation Corkscrew, Battle of Gemmano, Anzio War Cemetery, Operation Baytown, Operation Chettyford, Operation Boardman, Bombing of Treviso in World War II. Excerpt: The Battle of Monte Cassino (also known as the Battle for Rome and the Battle for Cassino) was a costly series of four battles during World War II, fought by the Allies against Germans and Italians with the intention of breaking through the Winter Line and seizing Rome. In the beginning of 1944, the western half of the Winter Line was being anchored by Germans holding the Rapido, Liri and Garigliano valleys and certain surrounding peaks and ridges, together known as the Gustav Line. The Germans had not occupied the historic hilltop abbey of Monte Cassino, founded in AD 524 by Benedict of Nursia and which dominated the town of Cassino and the entrances to the Liri and Rapido valleys, although they manned defensive positions set into the steep slopes below the abbey walls. On 15 February, the monastery, high on a peak overlooking the town of Cassino, was destroyed by 1,400 tons of bombs dropped by American bombers. The bombing was based on the fear that the abbey was being used as a lookout post for the German defenders (this position evolved over time to admit that German soldiers were not garrisoned there but that the risk of the monastery becoming occupied justified the action). Two days after the bombing, German paratroopers took up positions in the ruins; the destruction caused by the bombing and the resulting jagged wasteland of rubble gave troops improved protection from air and artillery attack making it a more viable defensive position. From 17 January to 18 May, the Gustav defences were assaulted four times by Allied troops. For the last of these the Allies gathered 20 divisions for a major assault along a twenty mile front and drove the German defenders from their positions but at a high cost. The Allied landings in Italy in September 1943 by two Allied armies commanded by General Sir Harold Alexander, Commander-in-Chief Allied Armies in Italy, were followed by an advance northward on two fronts, one on each side of the central mountain range forming the "s |
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