This book equips computer architects with a foundational understanding of visual computing, preparing them to design next-generation visual computing systems. It presents a unified perspective, viewing visual computing as a sequence of signal transductions across multiple domains, i.e., optical, analog, digital, and semantic, alongside the processing that occurs within each. Any sufficiently complex visual computing system worth examining will likely encompass both transduction and processing across all these domains. The central message is that, to unlock new application capabilities and achieve unprecedented efficiency, computer architects must look beyond the traditional boundaries of architecture and, from the ground up, exploit the interplay between computing, imaging, displays, and human vision in a holistic system.