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Turkic peoples: Mongols, Turkic languages, Khazars, Bulgars, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz people, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Azerbaijani people, Dinara Safina, Turkish peop
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| Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 153. Chapters: Mongols, Turkic languages, Khazars, Bulgars, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz people, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Azerbaijani people, Dinara Safina, Turkish people, Mughal, Anti-Turkism, Pan-Turkism, Turkic migration, Uysyn, Salar people, Iraqi Turkmens, Iranian Azaris, Altai Republic, Turkmen people, Gagauz people, Hephthalite, Tuvans, Crimean Tatars, List of Turkic dynasties and countries, Balkar and Karachay nationalism, Crimean Karaites, Sart, Karlugh Turks, Qashqai, Chigils, Khakassia, Chuban, Karachays, Nogais, Avunculate, Togarmah, Yugur, Alat, Nushibi, Urums, Kumandins, Yakuts, Karakalpaks, Idel-Ural State, Turanism, Kimek tribe, Balkars, Altay people, Karapapak, Uokil, Tadkeshwar, Demography of Central Asia, Joint Administration of Turkic Arts and Culture, Telengits, Kabar, Berendei, Kumyks, Onogurs, Uriankhai, Äynu people, Seok, Argyns, Afshar tribe, Chulyms, Shors, Chughtai, Middle jüz, Chernye Klobuki, Malik Ayaz, Bayandur, Ayrums, Dolgans, Gajal, Kankalis, Tofalar, Shahsevens, Turko-Tatar, Küresünni, Teleuts, Arghons, Lanikaz, List of Turkic groups, Baranjars, Turkic alphabet, Javanshir Qizilbash, Suars, Turco-Mongol, Akatziroi, Hazara-i-Karlugh, Sainaimu, Khalaj people, Ayazsar, Afghan Kypchaks, Ajlad, Pascatir. Excerpt: Khazar Empire or Khazar Khaganate, sometimes also referred to as Khazaria in short, was established in the second half of the 6th century by Khazars, semi-nomadic Turkic people, was one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the Northern Caucasus (Circassia, Dagestan), parts of Georgia, the Crimea, and Northeastern Turkey. A successor state of the Western Turks, Khazaria was a polyethnic state with a population of Turkic, Uralic, Slavic, and Palaeo-Caucasian peoples. Khazaria was the first feudal state to be established in Eastern Europe. During the 9th and 10th centuries, Khazaria was one of the major arteries of commerce between Northern Europe and southwestern Asia, as well as a connection to the Silk Road. The name "Khazar" is found in numerous languages and seems to be tied to a Turkic verb form meaning "wandering" (Modern Turkish: Gezer) Khazaria had an ongoing entente with Byzantium. Serving their partner in wars against the Arabian Caliphate, Khazaria aided the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (reigned 610¿641) in his campaign against the Persians. In 775, Leo IV the Khazar was crowned as the sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire. After fighting the Arabs to a standstill in the North Caucasus, Khazars became increasingly interested in replacing their Tengri shamanism with a state religion that would give them equal religious standing with their Abrahamic neighbors. During the 8th century, Khazar royalty and much of the aristocracy converted to Judaism. Between 965 and 969, Khazar sovereignty was broken by Sviatoslav I of Kiev. They became a subject people of Kievan Rus'. Gradually displaced by the Rus, the Kipchaks, and later the conquering Mongol Golden Horde, the Khazars largely disappeared as a culturally distinct people. The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. Aerial photo from excavations conducted by Mikhail |
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