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The Principles of Fruit-Growing
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IT is nearly a year since I left this work with the printer. The first copy of the book which I saw was procured in a foreign land and now that a second edition is called for, I find myself again in fields and orchards of another country. These personal remarks are not of themselves worth making here but they shall be my excuse for writing a few contrasts of American and European fruit - growing. Classified in respect to the objects in view, there are two kinds of fruit - growing, -that which - desires the product primarily for home use, and that which desires it primarily for market. Of market or commercial fruit - growing, there are again two types, - that which aims at a special or personal market, and that which aims at the general or open market. The ideals in these two types of fruit-growing are very unlike, and the methods and the varieties which succeed for the one may not succeed for the other. The man who grows fruits for the special market, has a definite problem. The product is desired for its intrinsic qualities and special products demand special prices. The man who grows fluit for the worlds market, has no personal customer. The product is v vi Preface. desired for its extrinsic or market qualities and the worlds products bring the worlds prices. The special - market fruit - grower generally works on a small base. The worlds - market fruit - grower works on a large base or he sells to another who, by combining similar products of many persons, is able to command the attention of the market. Now, it is the large. base upon which American fruit - growing is established which enables it to enter European markets. In America are thousands of acres of one variety, and theconditions under which the fruits are grown are so similar as to produce uniformity in the product. We speak one language, and, although we are two nations, we live in practically the same political environment. We go to Europe, and to our own great markets, with wholesale quantities. In Europe, on the contrary, nearly every fruitgrowing center is unique. The industry is the outcome of years, may be of centuries, of local effort and tradition. There is no general uniformity of methods and varieties. Community o interests on a large base is impossible. There are insurmountable difficulties of physiography, of races, languages and political systen s. In the staple products, the European grower inay not be able to compete with Americaus in his own markets, so long as those markets remain naturally open. The American fruit - grower quickly assimilates new methods. He is unfettered by tradition and how, much this means only those can understand who knov Preface. vii the European customs and ideals. He is bold and confident. He easily buys and sells land. He controls his own efforts and destinies. He has more help from teachers and experiment stations than the European has. A single instance will illustrate all this. Spraying for fungous diseases is a European development, whereas large-area spraying for insects is an American development. The American has assimilated the spraying for plant diseases and has made improvements in the machinery, while he has at the same time made equal progress in fighting insects but the European has not assimilated the American methods of handling insects, and spraying for plant diseases is probably less generally understood than in America. In many parts ofEurope, the farmer is a tenant, and he therefore has little interest in planting trees. But even if he owns land, the area is usually small, notwithstanding the fact that there are many very large individual plantations... |
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