further expanded the border¿transcending production, dissemination and

reception of news, and with transnational cöoperations like the European Broadcasting Union and BBC World News demonstrating different kinds of cross¿border journalism, the handbook considers the field with a range of international contributions. It explores cross-border journalism from conceptual and empirical angles and includes perspectives on the the systemic contexts of cross¿border journalism, its structures and routines, changes in production processes, and the shifting roles of actors in digital environments. It examines cross-border journalism across regions and concludes with discussions on the future of cross-border journalism, including the influence of automation, algorithmisation, virtual reality and AI.