The first approach localizes thematic targets by treating space as a pattern of vicinities, with the pattern being a square grid and the placement of vicinities centrically referenced. The second approach explores human/environment interface as an abstraction through indicators, neutralizing the common conundrum of how to reconcile disparate spatial structures such as points, lines, and polygons. These paired paradigms enable:

• The capacity to cope with complexity
• Systematic surveillance
• Visualization and communication
• Preliminary prioritization
• Coupling of GIS and statistical software
• Avenues for automation

Illustrating the interdisciplinary nature of geoinformatics, this book offers a novel approach to the spatial analysis of human influences and environmental resources. It includes practical strategies for statistical and spatial analysis.