Part I consists of a short biography and some photographs together with a complete list of his publications, classified into research papers, books, and articles on education and the popularization of mathematics, as well as a comprehensive analysis of his contribution to science.

Part II, the main part of the book, includes selected papers, arranged into five sections according to the nature of their contents: Differential Geometry, Integral Geometry, Convex Geometry, Affine Geometry, and Statistics and Stereology. Each section is preceded by a commentary by a renowned specialist: Teufel, Langevin, Schneider, Leichtweiss, and Cruz-Orive, respectively.

Finally, Part III emphasizes the influence of his work. It contains commentaries by several specialists regarding modern results based on, or closely related to, those of Santaló, some book reviews written by Santaló, as well as some reviews of his books. As a curious addendum, a ranking of his articles, given by Santaló himself, is included.