Pyelonephritis in children is one of the leading problems of modern paediatrics. The high figures of its prevalence, the tendency to increase the number of children with pyelonephritis dictate the need for close attention to this problem. This book presents the clinical, diagnostic and treatment features of pyelonephritis in children under conditions of environmental pollution by lead and mercury. We have proved the influence of the high content of lead and mercury in the environment on the occurrence of pyelonephritis and its chronicity and progression. Risk factors for the development and progression of pyelonephritis up to the formation of a shriveled kidney have been identified. It is offered a method, allowing to differentiate pyelonephritis among other diseases, manifested by leukocyturia, and optimal schemes of treatment of various forms of pyelonephritis at children. The role of antioxidant drugs in children with pyelonephritis is shown. The book may be of interest to pediatricians, nephrologists, ecologists, health care organizers.