"With depth and clarity, Prescriptions for Virtuosity examines how Chinese medicine in China reimagined itself in response to the West. As a participant-observer, Karchmer combines five-years of Chinese medicine education with ethnographic and archival methodologies to trace how Chinese medicine succeeded in finding a prominent and unmistakable, if somewhat precarious role, in Chinese health care. This book is a critical read for anthropologists and historians and indispensable for Chinese medicine practitioners in both the West and the Far East. Anyone interested in how 'old' knowledge survives into modernity and how the present recreates the past will benefit from reading it."--Ted J. Kaptchuk, Harvard University

Although Chinese medicine is assumed to be a timeless healing tradition, the encounter with modern biomedicine threatened its very existence and led to many radical changes. Prescriptions for Virtuosity tells the story of how doctors of Chinese medicine have responded to the global dominance of biomedicine and developed new forms of virtuosity to keep their clinical practice relevant in contemporary Chinese society.

Based on extensive ethnographic and historical research, the book documents the strategies of Chinese medicine doctors to navigate postcolonial power inequalities. Doctors have followed two seemingly contradictory courses of action. First, they have emphasized the unique "Chinese" characteristics of their practice, defining them against the perceived strengths of biomedicine, and producing an ontological divide between the two medical systems. These oppositions have inadvertently marginalized Chinese medicine, making it seem appropriate for clinical use only when biomedical solutions are lacking. Second, doctors have found points of convergence to facilitate the blending of the two medical practices, producing innovative solutions to difficult clinical problems.

Prescriptions for Virtuosity examines how the postcolonial condition can generate not only domination but hybridity. Karchmer shows, for example, how the clinical methodology of "pattern discrimination and treatment determination" bianzheng lunzhi, which is today celebrated as the quintessential characteristic of Chinese medicine, is a twentieth-century invention. When subjected to the institutional standardizations of hospital practice, bianzheng lunzhi can lead to an impoverished form of medicine. But in the hands of a virtuoso physicians, it becomes a dynamic tool for moving between biomedicine and Chinese medicine to create innovative new therapies.

Eric I. Karchmer is Visiting Assistant Professor at China Medical University in Taichung, Taiwan.