Daniel Brumberg is Associate Professor of Government and Co-Director of Democracy and Governance Studies at Georgetown University and a Special Advisor to the United States Institute of Peace. His books include Reinventing Khomeini: The Struggle for Reform in Iran, Moyen Orient: L¿Enjeu Democratique, and Islam and Democracy in the Middle East (coedited with Larry Diamond and Marc Plattner).

Farideh Farhi is an Independent Scholar and Affiliate Graduate Faculty at the University of Hawai¿i at Manoa. Her publications include States and Urban-Based Revolutions: Iran and Nicaragua.