In this book, fluid mechanics is addressed from both physical and mathematical perspectives. As a first step, the basic theory of continuum mechanics is detailed, pointing out the different assumptions and approximations that lead to conservation laws. As a second step, scaling studies, dimensional analysis and similitude of the general equations help to introduce the inviscid Euler fluid approximation, the Stokes approximation of viscous flow and Prandtl's boundary layer approximation. Lastly, the concepts of stability, turbulence and compressible flows are presented. Multiphysics approach of flows will provide readers with deeper insights into basic and applied research on complex processing.