The structural knowledge gained from crystallography has been instrumental in acquiring new levels of understanding in numerous scientific areas. This reference provides an overview of the current state of crystallography, reviews its historical origins, and emphasizes the societal impacts of crystallography that allow for sustainability of life. It also discusses the future of crystal structure analysis in the next 100 years and how crystallography can contribute to sustainability of life. The author is editor in chief of Crystallography Reviews, where some of this book's contents have been previously published.