This book presents the development of new/novel class of materials—nano polymers and nano polymer advanced composites for future studies in this emerging and attractive field. It discusses the translation of technology from research to practice, considering aspects related to industrialization of preparation and aspects of regulatory development thus becoming an essential read for polymer and materials scientists, materials engineers, biochemists as well as environmental chemists. This book presents nano polymer-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and modification of nano polymers to materials formation and applications, i.e, the efficiency of nano polymers as a reinforcing phase in various polymer nanocomposites, and the potential of nano polymers as an ideal polymer matrix phase in nanocomposites, and their advanced applications is highlighted.