In adapting themselves to the post-Cold War period, the EU and Russia have been faced with a range of challenges in relation to their separate political and economic development and their respective identities. Not the least problematic of those challenges, however, has been in deciding the nature and shape of their relationship with each other. In 2010, the Partnership for Modernisation was formed and it is this modernising agenda, as seen through theoretical, historical, economic and political perspectives, that is the focus of this book.