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Mariner Program: Robotic spacecraft, Space probe, Orbiter, Gravitational slingshot, Mariner 11, Mariner 12, Voyager 1
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| Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles
available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Mariner
program was a program conducted by the American space agency NASA that
launched a series of robotic interplanetary probes designed to
investigate Mars, Venus and Mercury. The program included a number of
firsts, including the first planetary flyby, the first pictures from
another planet, the first planetary orbiter, and the first gravity
assist maneuver. Of the ten vehicles in the Mariner series, seven were
successful and three were lost. The planned Mariner 11 and Mariner 12
vehicles evolved into Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 of the Voyager program,
while the Viking 1 and Viking 2 Mars orbiters were enlarged versions of
the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Other Mariner-based spacecraft, launched since
Voyager, included the Magellan probe to Venus, and the Galileo probe to
Jupiter. A second-generation Mariner spacecraft, called the Mariner Mark
II series, eventually evolved into the Cassini-Huygens probe, now in
orbit around Saturn. |
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