Landscape Pattern Analysis for Assessing Ecosystem Condition presents a new method for assessing spatial pattern in raster land cover maps based on satellite imagery in a way that incorporates multiple pixel resolutions. This is combined with more conventional single-resolution measurements of spatial pattern and simple non-spatial land cover proportions to assess predictability of both surface water quality and ecological integrity within watersheds of the state of Pennsylvania (USA). The efficiency of remote sensing for rapidly assessing large areas is realized through the ability to explain much of the variability of field observations that took several years and many people to obtain.