This book presents in-depth research on emerging approaches to healthcare staff scheduling. It starts by reviewing the key issues and challenges inherent in staff scheduling, along with the basic concepts of fuzzy set theory. Examining cutting-edge research applications, it details fuzzy optimization algorithms derived from biologically inspired approaches and fuzzy theory. Facilitating a practical and in-depth understanding of modern fuzzy metaheuristic optimization approaches, the book presents recent research on multi-criteria algorithms and their applications in healthcare operations, particularly staff scheduling.