Bringing together international scholars from various disciplines, this book focuses on the gendering of the modern Japanese nation-state from the late nineteenth century to the present, through contemporary concepts of citizenship, ethnicity, sexuality, work and everyday life. The development of the modern nation-state happened simultaneously with the development of a masculine/feminine binary opposition, and references to gender relations are deeply embedded in concepts of nationalism. This book makes an important contribution to studies on formation of modern nation-states and will interest students and scholars of Japanese history, gender studies and political science.