This book presents the latest developments and recent research trends focusing on potential biotechnological applications of microalgae. It gives an analysis of microalgal biology, ecology, biotechnology, and biofuel production capacity as well as a thorough discussion on the value added products that can be generated from diverse microalgae. Chapters cover strain selection, growth characteristics, large-scale culturing, enumeration methods, and biomass harvesting and dewatering techniques. They also describe extraction, identification, and transesterification of microalgal lipids, and microalgae involvement in CO2 sequestration and phycoremediation.