Knowledge and rigorous evidence around the role of external development partners in situations of conflict and fragility is still lacking. This book strengthens evaluation theory and practice in order to help fill this knowledge gap and advocates a realistic and rigorous approach to evaluating international engagement. Through a series of case studies, it highlights both the promise, and potential pitfalls, of taking a more evaluative approach to understanding aid in conflict regions. The book shows what future steps may be envisaged to further strengthen evaluations of support for peacebuilding and conflict prevention.