As concerns over climate change and resource constraints grow, many cities across the world are trying to achieve a low carbon transition, and transformation of the current building stock and urban infrastructure must inevitably form the main focus for a low carbon and sustainable future by 2050. Urban Retrofitting for Sustainability brings together strong, interdisciplinary research to focus on key issues such as systems innovation, financing tools, governance, energy, and water management. The chapters consider not only the knowledge and technical tools available, but looks forward to how they can be implemented in real cities by 2050.