Bienvenido N. Santos (1911¿1996) first came to the United States in 1941 as a government pensionado (scholar) at the University of Illinois, Columbia University, and Harvard University. During World War II he served the Philippine government from exile in Washington, DC, before returning to the Philippines in 1946. He came back to the United States in 1958 and attended the University of Iowa¿s Writers¿ Workshop. In 1965 he received the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in Literature from the Philippine government.