The book presents current modelling and simulations of neural networks algorithms, associated challenges and practical revenue associated with their applications. The reported models, algorithms and applications have been presented and discussed for the first time at 32nd edition of the International Workshops on Neural Network, held in Vietri Sul Mare from 5 to 7 June 2024. The main purpose of the book is to keep the pace on the current theoretical frameworks, the associated simulated models and the new artificial intelligent algorithms adopted to face the challenges posed by practical applications. The book reports on updates, revisions, new discoveries and new challenges in the field of artificial intelligence showing how neural networks algorithms are progressing toward new solutions and new advanced models. The themes proposed are interdisciplinary involving different scientific fields such as mathematics, computer vision, signal processing, psychology, sociology, and advanced neural sensing and provide contributions on their most recent trends, innovative approaches and future challenges.