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Manned spacecraft: Space Shuttle Challenger, Space Shuttle Enterprise, Project Mercury, Space Shuttle Atlantis, International Space Station, Space Shu
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Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 180. Chapters: Space Shuttle Challenger, Space Shuttle Enterprise, Project Mercury, Space Shuttle Atlantis, International Space Station, Space Shuttle Endeavour, Space Shuttle Columbia, Space Shuttle Discovery, Buran program, Skylab, Mir, Shenzhou, Apollo Lunar Module, SpaceShipOne, North American X-15, Orion, Exploration of the Moon, Apollo Command/Service Module, Kliper, Project Gemini, Criticism of the Space Shuttle program, Soyuz, Dragon, SpaceShipTwo, Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar, CSTS, HL-20 Personnel Launch System, Soyuz-TMA, Salyut 3, List of current and future lunar missions, Crew Exploration Vehicle, Lynx rocketplane, Manned Orbiting Laboratory, Blackstar, Altair, Prospective Piloted Transport System, TKS, Shenzhou program, NASA X-38, Space capsule, Soyuz 7K-L1, ISRO Orbital Vehicle, Tycho Brahe, CST-100, Almaz, Salyut 5, Voskhod, List of manned spacecraft, Hermes, Russian Orbital Segment, LK Lander, Zond program, S-550 Space capsule, Project 921-3, Orbital Space Plane Program, VSS Enterprise, Vostok, Lockheed L-301, Orion Lite, British Rail flying saucer, Military Soyuz, Fuji, Skylab B, Soyuz 7K-T, Soyuz 7K-L3, Soyuz 7K-TM, Merkur, Big Gemini, Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7KT-OK, Charles Osmond Frederick, Blue Gemini, Silver Dart, Soyuz-V, Soyuz-B, Air Power Park, VSS Voyager, Soyuz 7K-OKS, US Orbital Segment, TKS-based spacecraft, Soyuz-A, Xerus, MUSTARD, Manned Orbital Development System. Excerpt: The International Space Station (ISS) is an internationally developed research facility that is being assembled in low Earth orbit. The objective of the ISS, as defined by NASA, is to develop and test technologies for exploration spacecraft systems, develop techniques to maintain crew health and performance on missions beyond low Earth orbit, and gain operational experience that can be applied to exploration missions. On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998 and is scheduled for completion by mid-2012. The station is expected to remain in operation until at least 2015, and likely 2028. With a greater cross-sectional area than that of any previous space station, the ISS can be seen from Earth with the naked eye. The ISS is by far the largest artificial satellite that has ever orbited Earth. The ISS serves as a research laboratory that has a microgravity environment in which crews conduct experiments in biology, chemistry, medicine, physiology and physics, as well as astronomical and meteorological observations. The station provides a unique environment for the testing of the spacecraft systems that will be required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The ISS is operated by Expedition crews of two to six astronauts and cosmonauts, with the station programme maintaining an uninterrupted human presence in space since the launch of Expedition 1 on 31 October 2000, a total of 10 years and 201 days. The programme thus holds the current record for the longest uninterrupted human presence in space, surpassing the previous record of 3,644 days, set aboard Mir. As of 16 March 2011), the crew of Expedition 27 is aboard. The ISS is a synthesis of several space station projects that include the American Freedom, the Soviet/Russian Mir-2, the European Columbus and the Japanese Kibo. Budget constraints led to the merger of these projects into a single multi-national programme. The ISS project began in 1994 with the Shuttle-Mir programme, and the first module of the station |
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