The volume proposes the application of theoretical models and clever algorithms to the analysis of complex biological systems, ecological interactions, and real-world problems in health, genomics, and engineering. Combining classical theories with some new computational tools, the book proves that machine learning is able to make predictions more accurate and reduce some parameters and process large amounts of data more efficiently in biological studies. It also covers disease modelling, genomic prediction, tumor growth and socio-environmental dynamics and is also interdisciplinary in exploring network systems and biomedical engineering. On the whole, the book offers an integrative and prospective view to scientists and professionals regarding the innovative aspects at the interplay of biology, mathematics, and artificial intelligence and highlights the future of evolutionary science and intelligent models.