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Auschwitz concentration camp
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Dieser Artikel gilt, aufgrund seiner Grösse, beim Versand als 2 Artikel!
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| Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 39. Chapters: List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz, Auschwitz bombing debate, Monowitz concentration camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation, Blechhammer, Central Labour Camp Jaworzno, Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz, March of Remembrance and Hope, Kazimierz Piechowski, Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials, Zwiazek Organizacji Wojskowej, Fürstengrube subcamp, Höcker Album, First mass transport to Auschwitz concentration camp, Heydebreck-Cosel, March of the Living, Auschwitz cross, Auschwitz Album, Brzezinka, List of subcamps of Auschwitz, Block 10, Bobrek concentration camp. Excerpt: Auschwitz (German: ) or Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945), was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was the largest of the German concentration camps, consisting of Auschwitz I (the Stammlager or base camp); Auschwitz II-Birkenau (the Vernichtungslager or extermination camp); Auschwitz III-Monowitz, also known as Buna-Monowitz (a labor camp); and 45 satellite camps. Auschwitz had for a long time been a German name for Oswiecim, the town by and around which the camps were located; the name "Auschwitz" was made the official name again by the Germans after they invaded Poland in September 1939. Birkenau, the German translation of Brzezinka (birch tree), refers to a small Polish village nearby that was mostly destroyed by the Germans to make way for the camp. Auschwitz II-Birkenau was designated by the Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, Germany's Minister of the Interior, as the place of the "final solution of the Jewish question in Europe". From early 1942 until late 1944, transport trains delivered Jews to the camp's gas chambers from all over Nazi-occupied Europe. The camp's first commandant, Rudolf Höss, testified after the war at the Nuremberg Trials that up to three million people had died there (2.5 million gassed, and 500,000 from disease and starvation), a figure since revised to 1.1 million, around 90 percent of them Jews. Others deported to Auschwitz included 150,000 Poles, 23,000 Roma and Sinti, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, some 400 Jehovah's Witnesses and tens of thousands of people of diverse nationalities. Those not killed in the gas chambers died of starvation, forced labor, infectious disease, individual executions, and medical experiments. On January 27, 1945, Auschwitz was liberated by Soviet troops, a day commemorated around the world as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. In 194 |
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