Since its inception, NASA's Science Activation program has demonstrated considerable success in leveraging the agency's strong public reputation and resources to engage a diversity of audiences in science education projects nationwide. As the program nears the end of this second five-year funding cycle, NASA tasked the National Academies with reviewing its progress and making strategic recommendations for its next round of funding. This consensus study report reflects on the successes of the past few years, addresses persistent challenges, and outlines a pathway forward for Science Activation.