Adsorption and desorption in solution play significant roles in separations, detoxification of waste streams, in purification, chromatography, heterogeneous catalysis, metabolism of medicinal drugs, and beyond. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are well-ordered 3-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic polymers. Mesoporous MOFs with pore sizes 2-50 nm are particularly suitable for adsorption and adsorption-based separations of large molecules of organic and bio-organic compounds. This book covers fundamental research on using mesoporous MOFs for emerging applications of major industrial, environmental and academic importance, especially for purification and separations of water and liquid fossil fuels.